This literature course aims to discuss the modernization process of the late Ottoman-early Republican period through literary texts. Organized in a coordinated and related manner with the HIST 191, the course has two complementary goals: (1) to examine how the history of modernization of the 19th century is reflected in literature and, at the same time, how literature affects the formation of this history; (2) to gain theoretical and practical skills on how to read, discuss, and interpret a literary text in written or oral form. In line with these goals, students are expected to read and discuss these literary texts and related secondary sources in two-hour discussion sessions each week and to prepare oral presentations and written works on these texts.