This course is one of the University Courses all Freshman students are required to take. It has a complementary nature with HIST 191 and covers literary texts written during or on the late Ottoman modernization period, i.e. roughly between 1870s and 1910s. The aim of the course is twofold. On the one hand, it helps students analyze and discuss how the Ottoman-Turkish modernization process is reflected in literature and how in turn literature affects this process, and on the other hand it aims to develop students' theoretical and practical skills in reading, discussing and interpreting literary texts. This is achieved by using primary literary texts produced by prominent authors in this period as well as numerous critical texts on these authors. Students are expected to participate in the discussions on these works, prepare oral presentations and write papers.